Usually ranked first because its estimated death toll, geographic scope, genocide, and geopolitical aftermath exceed any other war.
Best evidence
The deadliest war in recorded history, with mass civilian bombing, genocide, famine, forced labor, and combat across Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Pacific.
Its death toll rivals or exceeds many global conflicts, making it one of the clearest non-world-war entries.
Best evidence
One of history's deadliest civil wars, devastating Qing China through siege warfare, mass killing, famine, and social collapse in the mid-19th century.
Ranks highly because its military death toll, civilian suffering, and political aftershocks reshaped the 20th century.
Best evidence
A catastrophic industrial war that killed millions, normalized mechanized slaughter, collapsed empires, redrew borders, and helped set conditions for later conflicts.
Included because, even considered separately, it was among the deadliest modern wars and central to Asia's wartime devastation.
Best evidence
A brutal 1937–1945 war between China and Japan marked by mass civilian atrocities, occupation, famine, bombing, and enormous casualties before and during World War II.
Ranks near the top because of its enormous geographic reach and potentially catastrophic demographic impact across multiple civilizations.
Best evidence
A vast 13th-century campaign of conquest across Eurasia that destroyed cities, collapsed states, and may have caused tens of millions of deaths through battle, massacre, famine, and displacement.