Included for unmatched cultural influence and lifelong commitment to people others often ignored.
Best evidence
Mother Teresa's work made care for the dying, abandoned, and destitute a global moral cause, inspiring a large religious charity network across many countries.
Oskar Schindler's Rescue of Jewish Workers During the Holocaust
The case
Included because the personal risk, direct lifesaving impact, and moral clarity make it a defining charitable act.
Best evidence
Schindler used his factory, money, and personal risk to save about 1,200 Jews from Nazi persecution, making it one of history's most famous individual acts of rescue.
Ranks highly because the gift created durable civic infrastructure across multiple countries and generations.
Best evidence
Carnegie funded more than 2,500 libraries worldwide, turning private industrial wealth into public access to knowledge at a scale few single donors have matched.
The Rockefeller Foundation's Public Health Campaigns
The case
A top contender because it helped change disease control and medical capacity at population scale.
Best evidence
Rockefeller philanthropy helped professionalize global public health, funding campaigns against hookworm, yellow fever, and other diseases while shaping modern medical research and institutions.
Ranks for changing incentives among the ultra-wealthy, though its realized impact depends on execution.
Best evidence
Launched by Bill Gates, Melinda French Gates, and Warren Buffett, the pledge pushed billionaires to commit most of their wealth to philanthropy, reframing elite giving as a public norm.